My code works, I don’t know why.

國王的耳朵是驢耳朵

(過期) Linux Kernel Pratice 0: Buildroot (2/2) - 自行編譯kernel

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感謝Scott 大大糾正，選錯平台，這篇使用了ARMv4指令集的測試平台。請大家忽略，正確的版本將會之後更新!

前情提要

上一篇提到，設定實習環境的目標有：

  1. 可以使用ARM 平台。一方面追求流行，一方面我不想再開x86這個副本
  2. 可以方便地建立ARM平台的Linux Rootfs和kernel版本
  3. 可以方便地更改指定要編譯的Kernel版本
  4. 透過Qemu ，使用2的Rootfs和kernel開機
  5. 透過Qemu和搭配的工具可以分析Linux kernel的run time 行為

今天就是來解決3 的項目。更細分的話，這次目標是

  1. 使用官方Linux kernel 編譯Versatile
  2. 編譯出來的kernel binary可以在Qemu上順利載入
  3. 編譯出來的kernel binary可以順利的載入buildroot產生的rootfs，以及網路介面和相關設備

目錄

測試環境

做組裝的最重要的原則之一就是要能夠reproduce，所以交代測試環境是一定要的

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$ lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID:   Ubuntu
Description:  Ubuntu 14.04.5 LTS
Release:  14.04
Codename: trusty

$ git --version
git version 2.10.0
  • buildroot 版本
    • commit hash: 14b24726a81b719b35fee70c8ba8be2d682a7313

下載Linux Kernel Source

沒啥好講的，就剪貼指令吧

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git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux-stable.git

設定和編譯

東西下載完不是就閉著眼睛開幹，因為我們在開始編譯前需要

  1. 切換到你想要研究的版本
  2. 如果不是x86，你需要指定平台
  3. 細項Kernel config設定

那麼就來見招拆招吧

切換版本

非常簡單，先git tag，切過去就好。我要切到4.4.2就是

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git tag                 # 找你要的版本
git checkout v4.4.2     # 切到tag
git checkout -b v4.4.2  # 理論上會這邊改東改西，就先開branch吧

設定ARM Versatile預設config

先講結論

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make ARCH=arm versatile_defconfig

開始沒人要看的解釋吧。基本上也亂看找出來的，簡單講一下當初的「脈絡」

  1. 我知道我們平台是versatile，所以就find | grep versatile。從一堆檔案中我看到有趣的檔案./arch/arm/configs/versatile_defconfig。
  2. 接下來就是要找make 的時候怎麼和這個檔案勾起來。網路上找一下會發現一個變數ARCH，剩下就試看看make ARCH=arm versatile_defconfig，能不能動，可以動所以打完收工。

然後你就知道

  1. Linux kernel source中有些平台會提供default config
  2. 透過ARCH可以讓make時自動參考這些檔案產生config

設定Qemu VM支援的硬體

建議不要把buildroot compile cache打開。我花了很多時間在kernel 編譯後Qemu還是沒有使用編譯後的kernel的問題，最後發現關閉buildroot compile cache問題就消失了。

如果閉著眼睛開始編譯，你會很高興地發現可以開機了，但是接下來就會很失望的發現kernel panic，原因是認不出開機的disk。

之所以會發生這樣的原因是因為Linux kernel 提供的default config選項和buildroot 給Qemu的kernel 選項不同(參考)，比對buildroot 開機畫面，會發現他們有偵測到兩個硬體，分別是

  1. SCSI 控制器，用來辨認rootfs
  2. Realtek 8139 網路卡，不用我解釋吧

那麼我們這邊直接把這兩個加上去就收工沒錯吧？答案是對也不對，因為這兩個東西會和其他的部份有關。

以下是我用笨方式一個一個試出來需要開啟的東西，不一定最簡潔甚至正確，但是他可以開機就是了。要注意不要編成module，編譯的細節我假設讀者都知道，如果完全不懂可能要找一下新手入門資訊了。另外我列出的選項是Kernel 4.4.2下的選項，請自行斟酌。

記得請用make ARCH=arm menuconfig更改設定

  1. PCI bus，原因是SCSI控制器和網路卡是PCI bus介面，不開就沒有不會看到這些選項。
  2. SCSI 包括
    • SSCI device
    • Disk
    • 我有開Generic，懶得關掉看會不會出問題了
    • SCSI low-level drivers -> SYM53C8XX Version 2 SCSI support
  3. Network device support
    • Ethernet driver suppor -> Realtek devices
      • RealTek RTL-8139 C+ PCI Fast Ethernet Adapter support
  4. 要支援buildroot預設的device node管理方式。有興趣的可以看這邊
    • Device Drivers -> Generic Driver Options ->
      • Maintain a devtmpfs filesystem to mount at /dev
      • Automount devtmpfs at /dev, after the kernel mounted the rootfs
  5. File system 要支援ext2，原因是buildroot產生的是ext2檔案格式
  6. tmpfs要開啟
    • File systems -> Pseudo filesystems
      • Tmpfs virtual memory file system support (former shm fs)

建議順便巡一下其他kernel選項，用不到的可以關一下。比如說MTD，一堆有的沒的網卡，音效支援之類的。

編譯

Buildroot

  1. make menuconfig
    • Toolchain -> Custom kernel headers series
      • 改成你現在Linux 版本
  2. make

Linux kernel

指令如下

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make CROSS_COMPILE=/tmp/buildroot/output/host/usr/bin/arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi- ARCH=arm V=1 bzImage

這其實就是make bzImage的囉唆版，多了

  • ARCH=arm
    • 指定ARM平台
  • CROSS_COMPILE=..
    • Cross compile prefix，既然我們使用buildroot內建toolchain，就用他們來編譯kernel
  • V=1
    • 身為組裝工，沒看到編譯指令訊息跳出來就會沒安全感

測試

這邊卡關的原因是預設的buildroot (Linux kernel 4.7)使用qemu載入的時候需要指定device tree檔案。但是在Linux 4.4.2下面指定device tree檔案反而無法順利開機。我怎麼知道到的？撈git commit log去看的。

剩下就剪貼了

我在buildroot top目錄執行的，你要嘛就切到buildroot目錄下，要嘛就指定-drive file到你自己rootfs的路徑

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qemu-system-arm -M versatilepb -kernel /tmp/kernel/linux-stable/arch/arm/boot/zImage -drive file=output/images/rootfs.ext2,if=scsi,format=raw -append "root=/dev/sda console=ttyAMA0,115200" -serial stdio -net nic,model=rtl8139 -net use

單純提出來一個參數表示這是我編譯出來的kernel而不是buildroot的

  • -kernel /tmp/kernel/linux-stable/arch/arm/boot/zImage

開機節錄畫面如下

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Uncompressing Linux... done, booting the kernel.
Booting Linux on physical CPU 0x0
Linux version 4.4.2 (user@host) (gcc version 4.8.5 (Buildroot 2016.11-git-00439-g14b2472) ) #2 Fri Sep 30 22:46:53 CST 2016
CPU: ARM926EJ-S [41069265] revision 5 (ARMv5TEJ), cr=00093177
CPU: VIVT data cache, VIVT instruction cache
Machine: ARM-Versatile PB
Memory policy: Data cache writeback
sched_clock: 32 bits at 24MHz, resolution 41ns, wraps every 89478484971ns
Built 1 zonelists in Zone order, mobility grouping on.  Total pages: 32512
Kernel command line: root=/dev/sda console=ttyAMA0,115200
PID hash table entries: 512 (order: -1, 2048 bytes)
Dentry cache hash table entries: 16384 (order: 4, 65536 bytes)
Inode-cache hash table entries: 8192 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)
Memory: 125956K/131072K available (2780K kernel code, 148K rwdata, 776K rodata, 128K init, 79K bss, 5116K reserved, 0K cma-reserved)
Virtual kernel memory layout:
    vector  : 0xffff0000 - 0xffff1000   (   4 kB)
    fixmap  : 0xffc00000 - 0xfff00000   (3072 kB)
    vmalloc : 0xc8800000 - 0xff800000   ( 880 MB)
    lowmem  : 0xc0000000 - 0xc8000000   ( 128 MB)
    modules : 0xbf000000 - 0xc0000000   (  16 MB)
      .text : 0xc0008000 - 0xc038158c   (3558 kB)
      .init : 0xc0382000 - 0xc03a2000   ( 128 kB)
      .data : 0xc03a2000 - 0xc03c7300   ( 149 kB)
       .bss : 0xc03c7300 - 0xc03daf2c   (  80 kB)
NR_IRQS:224
VIC @f1140000: id 0x00041190, vendor 0x41
FPGA IRQ chip 0 "SIC" @ f1003000, 13 irqs, parent IRQ: 63
clocksource: timer3: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 1911260446275 ns
Console: colour dummy device 80x30
Calibrating delay loop... 641.43 BogoMIPS (lpj=3207168)
pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301
Mount-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
Mountpoint-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok
Setting up static identity map for 0x8400 - 0x8458
devtmpfs: initialized
VFP support v0.3: implementor 41 architecture 1 part 10 variant 9 rev 0
clocksource: jiffies: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 19112604462750000 ns
NET: Registered protocol family 16
DMA: preallocated 256 KiB pool for atomic coherent allocations
Serial: AMBA PL011 UART driver
dev:f1: ttyAMA0 at MMIO 0x101f1000 (irq = 44, base_baud = 0) is a PL011 rev1
console [ttyAMA0] enabled
dev:f2: ttyAMA1 at MMIO 0x101f2000 (irq = 45, base_baud = 0) is a PL011 rev1
dev:f3: ttyAMA2 at MMIO 0x101f3000 (irq = 46, base_baud = 0) is a PL011 rev1
fpga:09: ttyAMA3 at MMIO 0x10009000 (irq = 70, base_baud = 0) is a PL011 rev1
PCI core found (slot 11)
PCI host bridge to bus 0000:00
pci_bus 0000:00: root bus resource [mem 0x50000000-0x5fffffff]
pci_bus 0000:00: root bus resource [mem 0x60000000-0x6fffffff pref]
pci_bus 0000:00: root bus resource [io  0x1000-0xffff]
pci_bus 0000:00: No busn resource found for root bus, will use [bus 00-ff]
PCI: bus0: Fast back to back transfers disabled
pci 0000:00:0c.0: BAR 6: assigned [mem 0x60000000-0x6003ffff pref]
pci 0000:00:0d.0: BAR 2: assigned [mem 0x50000000-0x50001fff]
pci 0000:00:0d.0: BAR 1: assigned [mem 0x50002000-0x500023ff]
pci 0000:00:0c.0: BAR 0: assigned [io  0x1000-0x10ff]
pci 0000:00:0c.0: BAR 1: assigned [mem 0x50002400-0x500024ff]
pci 0000:00:0d.0: BAR 0: assigned [io  0x1400-0x14ff]
vgaarb: loaded
SCSI subsystem initialized
clocksource: Switched to clocksource timer3
NET: Registered protocol family 2
TCP established hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
TCP bind hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
TCP: Hash tables configured (established 1024 bind 1024)
UDP hash table entries: 256 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
UDP-Lite hash table entries: 256 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
NET: Registered protocol family 1
NetWinder Floating Point Emulator V0.97 (double precision)
futex hash table entries: 256 (order: -1, 3072 bytes)
Block layer SCSI generic (bsg) driver version 0.4 loaded (major 254)
io scheduler noop registered
io scheduler deadline registered
io scheduler cfq registered (default)
pl061_gpio dev:e4: PL061 GPIO chip @0x101e4000 registered
pl061_gpio dev:e5: PL061 GPIO chip @0x101e5000 registered
pl061_gpio dev:e6: PL061 GPIO chip @0x101e6000 registered
pl061_gpio dev:e7: PL061 GPIO chip @0x101e7000 registered
clcd-pl11x dev:20: PL110 rev0 at 0x10120000
clcd-pl11x dev:20: Versatile hardware, VGA display
Console: switching to colour frame buffer device 80x60
sym53c8xx 0000:00:0d.0: enabling device (0100 -> 0103)
sym0: <895a> rev 0x0 at pci 0000:00:0d.0 irq 94
sym0: No NVRAM, ID 7, Fast-40, LVD, parity checking
sym0: SCSI BUS has been reset.
scsi host0: sym-2.2.3
sym0: unknown interrupt(s) ignored, ISTAT=0x5 DSTAT=0x80 SIST=0x0
scsi 0:0:0:0: Direct-Access     QEMU     QEMU HARDDISK    2.0. PQ: 0 ANSI: 5
scsi target0:0:0: tagged command queuing enabled, command queue depth 16.
scsi target0:0:0: Beginning Domain Validation
scsi target0:0:0: Domain Validation skipping write tests
scsi target0:0:0: Ending Domain Validation
scsi 0:0:2:0: CD-ROM            QEMU     QEMU CD-ROM      2.0. PQ: 0 ANSI: 5
scsi target0:0:2: tagged command queuing enabled, command queue depth 16.
scsi target0:0:2: Beginning Domain Validation
scsi target0:0:2: Domain Validation skipping write tests
scsi target0:0:2: Ending Domain Validation
sd 0:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg0 type 0
scsi 0:0:2:0: Attached scsi generic sg1 type 5
8139cp: 8139cp: 10/100 PCI Ethernet driver v1.3 (Mar 22, 2004)
8139cp 0000:00:0c.0: enabling device (0100 -> 0103)
8139cp 0000:00:0c.0 eth0: RTL-8139C+ at 0xc8974400, 52:54:00:12:34:56, IRQ 93
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] 12666 512-byte logical blocks: (6.48 MB/6.18 MiB)
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write Protect is off
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Attached SCSI disk
mousedev: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice
NET: Registered protocol family 17
input: AT Raw Set 2 keyboard as /devices/fpga:06/serio0/input/input0
input: ImExPS/2 Generic Explorer Mouse as /devices/fpga:07/serio1/input/input2
VFS: Mounted root (ext2 filesystem) readonly on device 8:0.
devtmpfs: mounted
Freeing unused kernel memory: 128K (c0382000 - c03a2000)
EXT2-fs (sda): warning: mounting unchecked fs, running e2fsck is recommended
Starting logging: OK
Initializing random number generator... random: dd urandom read with 48 bits of entropy available
done.
Starting network: 8139cp 0000:00:0c.0 eth0: link up, 100Mbps, full-duplex, lpa 0x05E1
udhcpc: started, v1.25.0
udhcpc: sending discover
udhcpc: sending select for 10.0.2.15
udhcpc: lease of 10.0.2.15 obtained, lease time 86400
deleting routers
adding dns 10.0.2.3
OK

Welcome to Buildroot
buildroot login: root
#
random: nonblocking pool is initialized

參考資料

附錄

使用Buildroot 內建套件指定編譯Linux kernel 4.2.2

當初會去做這個主要是因為開始編譯獨立的Linux kernel前要先驗證buildroot自己編的Linux 4.4.2是否可以用qemu開機。另外的好處的就是buildroot編譯出來的kernel config (在output/build/linux-4.4.2/.config) 可以和你自己的kernel config比對。

步驟如下

  1. 找出buildroot 4.4.x的kernel config
  2. 更改buildroot config指定使用Linux 4.4.2
  3. 測試驗證

找出buildroot 4.4.x的kernel config

前篇有提到make qemu_arm_versatile_defconfig這個指令和buildroot/board/qemu/arm-versatile這個目錄。我們進一步去看一下這個目錄

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$ ls -gG board/qemu/arm-versatile
total 8
-rw-rw-r-- 1 890 Sep 30 21:32 linux-4.7.config
-rw-rw-r-- 1 404 Sep 30 21:32 readme.txt

直接破梗

  • readme.txt 告訴你怎麼用qemu 開機
  • linux-4.7.config 是Linux kernel config

所以我會去git log .，撈看看有沒有Linux kernel 4.4.x的資料。果然給我看到一個commit

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commit 93c640f00537d40fd25280c4c2c60f3b30808256
Author: Gustavo Zacarias <gustavo@zacarias.com.ar>
Date:   Sun Feb 7 18:19:13 2016 -0300

    configs/qemu: bump to the latest linux versions
...
    arm_versatile           4.4.1           2.3.0   YES     OK

剩下就是使用git切到該commit，撈出資料，另存新檔。我把他存在 /tmp/linux-4.4.config

更改buildroot config指定使用Linux 4.4.2

  • make menuconfig
    • Kernel -> Kernel version -> Custom version
    • Kernel -> Kernel version: 填 4.4.2
    • Kernel -> Kernel configuration -> Using a custom (def)config file
    • Kernel -> Configuration file path: 填/tmp/linux-4.4.config
  • make

測試驗證

根據buildroot/board/qemu/arm-versatile中4.4.2版時的readme.txt，qemu指令執行如下，基本上就是不去載入device tree檔案。

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qemu-system-arm -M versatilepb -kernel output/images/zImage -drive file=output/images/rootfs.ext2,if=scsi,format=raw -append "root=/dev/sda console=ttyAMA0,115200" -serial stdio -net nic,model=rtl8139 -net user

以下是開機畫面

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Uncompressing Linux... done, booting the kernel.
Booting Linux on physical CPU 0x0
Linux version 4.4.2 (user@host) (gcc version 4.8.5 (Buildroot 2016.11-git-00439-g14b2472) ) #1 Fri Sep 30 22:36:58 CST 2016
CPU: ARM926EJ-S [41069265] revision 5 (ARMv5TEJ), cr=00093177
CPU: VIVT data cache, VIVT instruction cache
Machine: ARM-Versatile PB
Memory policy: Data cache writeback
sched_clock: 32 bits at 24MHz, resolution 41ns, wraps every 89478484971ns
Built 1 zonelists in Zone order, mobility grouping on.  Total pages: 32512
Kernel command line: root=/dev/sda console=ttyAMA0,115200
PID hash table entries: 512 (order: -1, 2048 bytes)
Dentry cache hash table entries: 16384 (order: 4, 65536 bytes)
Inode-cache hash table entries: 8192 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)
Memory: 125264K/131072K available (3246K kernel code, 158K rwdata, 880K rodata, 120K init, 198K bss, 5808K reserved, 0K cma-reserved)
Virtual kernel memory layout:
    vector  : 0xffff0000 - 0xffff1000   (   4 kB)
    fixmap  : 0xffc00000 - 0xfff00000   (3072 kB)
    vmalloc : 0xc8800000 - 0xff800000   ( 880 MB)
    lowmem  : 0xc0000000 - 0xc8000000   ( 128 MB)
    modules : 0xbf000000 - 0xc0000000   (  16 MB)
      .text : 0xc0008000 - 0xc040fdcc   (4128 kB)
      .init : 0xc0410000 - 0xc042e000   ( 120 kB)
      .data : 0xc042e000 - 0xc04559e0   ( 159 kB)
       .bss : 0xc04559e0 - 0xc04873a8   ( 199 kB)
SLUB: HWalign=32, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=1, Nodes=1
NR_IRQS:224
VIC @f1140000: id 0x00041190, vendor 0x41
FPGA IRQ chip 0 "SIC" @ f1003000, 13 irqs, parent IRQ: 63
clocksource: timer3: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 1911260446275 ns
Console: colour dummy device 80x30
Calibrating delay loop... 637.74 BogoMIPS (lpj=3188736)
pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301
Mount-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
Mountpoint-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok
Setting up static identity map for 0x8400 - 0x8458
devtmpfs: initialized
clocksource: jiffies: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 19112604462750000 ns
NET: Registered protocol family 16
DMA: preallocated 256 KiB pool for atomic coherent allocations
Serial: AMBA PL011 UART driver
dev:f1: ttyAMA0 at MMIO 0x101f1000 (irq = 44, base_baud = 0) is a PL011 rev1
console [ttyAMA0] enabled
dev:f2: ttyAMA1 at MMIO 0x101f2000 (irq = 45, base_baud = 0) is a PL011 rev1
dev:f3: ttyAMA2 at MMIO 0x101f3000 (irq = 46, base_baud = 0) is a PL011 rev1
fpga:09: ttyAMA3 at MMIO 0x10009000 (irq = 70, base_baud = 0) is a PL011 rev1
PCI core found (slot 11)
PCI host bridge to bus 0000:00
pci_bus 0000:00: root bus resource [mem 0x50000000-0x5fffffff]
pci_bus 0000:00: root bus resource [mem 0x60000000-0x6fffffff pref]
pci_bus 0000:00: root bus resource [io  0x1000-0xffff]
pci_bus 0000:00: No busn resource found for root bus, will use [bus 00-ff]
PCI: bus0: Fast back to back transfers disabled
pci 0000:00:0c.0: BAR 6: assigned [mem 0x60000000-0x6003ffff pref]
pci 0000:00:0d.0: BAR 2: assigned [mem 0x50000000-0x50001fff]
pci 0000:00:0d.0: BAR 1: assigned [mem 0x50002000-0x500023ff]
pci 0000:00:0c.0: BAR 0: assigned [io  0x1000-0x10ff]
pci 0000:00:0c.0: BAR 1: assigned [mem 0x50002400-0x500024ff]
pci 0000:00:0d.0: BAR 0: assigned [io  0x1400-0x14ff]
vgaarb: loaded
SCSI subsystem initialized
clocksource: Switched to clocksource timer3
NET: Registered protocol family 2
TCP established hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
TCP bind hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
TCP: Hash tables configured (established 1024 bind 1024)
UDP hash table entries: 256 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
UDP-Lite hash table entries: 256 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
NET: Registered protocol family 1
futex hash table entries: 256 (order: -1, 3072 bytes)
Block layer SCSI generic (bsg) driver version 0.4 loaded (major 254)
io scheduler noop registered
io scheduler deadline registered
io scheduler cfq registered (default)
clcd-pl11x dev:20: PL110 rev0 at 0x10120000
clcd-pl11x dev:20: Versatile hardware, VGA display
Console: switching to colour frame buffer device 80x30
sym53c8xx 0000:00:0d.0: enabling device (0100 -> 0103)
sym0: <895a> rev 0x0 at pci 0000:00:0d.0 irq 94
sym0: No NVRAM, ID 7, Fast-40, LVD, parity checking
sym0: SCSI BUS has been reset.
scsi host0: sym-2.2.3
sym0: unknown interrupt(s) ignored, ISTAT=0x5 DSTAT=0x80 SIST=0x0
scsi 0:0:0:0: Direct-Access     QEMU     QEMU HARDDISK    2.0. PQ: 0 ANSI: 5
scsi target0:0:0: tagged command queuing enabled, command queue depth 16.
scsi target0:0:0: Beginning Domain Validation
scsi target0:0:0: Domain Validation skipping write tests
scsi target0:0:0: Ending Domain Validation
scsi 0:0:2:0: CD-ROM            QEMU     QEMU CD-ROM      2.0. PQ: 0 ANSI: 5
scsi target0:0:2: tagged command queuing enabled, command queue depth 16.
scsi target0:0:2: Beginning Domain Validation
scsi target0:0:2: Domain Validation skipping write tests
scsi target0:0:2: Ending Domain Validation
8139cp: 8139cp: 10/100 PCI Ethernet driver v1.3 (Mar 22, 2004)
8139cp 0000:00:0c.0: enabling device (0100 -> 0103)
8139cp 0000:00:0c.0 eth0: RTL-8139C+ at 0xc8978400, 52:54:00:12:34:56, IRQ 93
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] 12666 512-byte logical blocks: (6.48 MB/6.18 MiB)
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write Protect is off
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA
mousedev: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Attached SCSI disk
NET: Registered protocol family 10
sit: IPv6 over IPv4 tunneling driver
NET: Registered protocol family 17
input: AT Raw Set 2 keyboard as /devices/fpga:06/serio0/input/input0
input: ImExPS/2 Generic Explorer Mouse as /devices/fpga:07/serio1/input/input2
EXT4-fs (sda): couldn't mount as ext3 due to feature incompatibilities
EXT4-fs (sda): mounting ext2 file system using the ext4 subsystem
EXT4-fs (sda): mounted filesystem without journal. Opts: (null)
VFS: Mounted root (ext2 filesystem) readonly on device 8:0.
devtmpfs: mounted
Freeing unused kernel memory: 120K (c0410000 - c042e000)
EXT4-fs (sda): warning: mounting unchecked fs, running e2fsck is recommended
EXT4-fs warning (device sda): ext4_update_dynamic_rev:717: updating to rev 1 because of new feature flag, running e2fsck is recommended
EXT4-fs (sda): re-mounted. Opts: block_validity,barrier,user_xattr,errors=remount-ro
Starting logging: OK
Initializing random number generator... random: dd urandom read with 43 bits of entropy available
done.
Starting network: 8139cp 0000:00:0c.0 eth0: link up, 100Mbps, full-duplex, lpa 0x05E1
udhcpc: started, v1.25.0
udhcpc: sending discover
udhcpc: sending select for 10.0.2.15
udhcpc: lease of 10.0.2.15 obtained, lease time 86400
deleting routers
adding dns 10.0.2.3
OK

Welcome to Buildroot
buildroot login: root
#

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